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The Cosmological Constant as a Contingent Modulus: A Six Birds Demarcation of Dark Energy
Model-level results about dark-energy inference, with corrections to withdrawn supporting evidence.
In plain words
Why is the cosmological constant so small? Why is it comparable to the matter density right now? These are usually posed as derivation problems. The paper argues they are a demarcation problem instead.
In a finite model, the paper interprets a constant term as the shadow price of a global budget. Its stronger claims that no in-layer law can determine the value, and that the value shares a proved classification with the number of particle generations, rely on supporting results that were subsequently withdrawn.
On public DESI, Pantheon+ and Planck data, preregistered audits are consistent with a plain constant. The reported phantom crossing looks like a chart artifact of one expansion history.
What it shows
- The constant slot recognized as a shadow price.
- A two sided window on the constant from a record stability predicate.
- Audits on public data that return a constant compatible null.
Correction to supporting evidence
To Kill Three Stones, version 3 withdraws two grounds used by this June 2026 paper. The reported 15-of-18 background split comes from a budget of 60 solver iterations: at 120 iterations all 18 sampled cases converge. The sampled coupling split is also not a fixed-point existence boundary. These results do not establish a bounded physical admissibility window or prove that no selector can exist.
The same source withdraws its generation-blindness theorem and reports mixed dependence on the generation count for N = 1…4. The comparison with particle generations therefore has no established theorem behind it.
The surviving model-level question is which declared observations and selection rules can determine a value. Failure of a particular convergence diagnostic to select one value does not establish intrinsic contingency of the physical cosmological constant. The paper itself still needs revision to reflect these corrections.
What it does not claim
It does not derive the value of the constant and does not claim to explain it.
Cite
Tsiokos, I. (2026). The Cosmological Constant as a Contingent Modulus: A Six Birds Demarcation of Dark Energy. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20713255